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| Configuring Printer in Oracle Applications |
| Thursday, September 28, 2006 |
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If you have not read my previous post about printers basics , I'll suggest you to first read & understand basic terminology in Configuring Apps Printer like Printer Type, Style, Driver at http://becomeappsdba.blogspot.com/2006/09/printer-basics-in-oracle-apps-11i.html
How to Register Printer in Oracle Apps ?
First Printer which you want to configure should be able to print at Operating System Level from Concurrent Manager Machine.
You can issue lp command. Don't proceed until you can print via Operating System command lp from CM node. Once printer is configured at O.S. Level , ask Unix System administrator name with which they have configured printer at O.S. Level.
Collect printer type information, it should be like HP , APPLE , EPSON ...
 Login to Oracle Applications with System Administrator Responsibility & click on Install -> Printer -> Register then under Printer Tab enter name by which printer is defined at CM node at O.S. Level. In Type define type of printer like HP , EPSON , APPLE. In Description enter some sensible description . This completes registration of your printer on your Oracle Application.
Now test this printer by submitting some request & selecting recently configured printer & you should be able to print.
There are two other printing options in oracle apps using PASTA & XML . If I get request on printing using PASTA utility or XML utility then I'll discuss them in future .
If you would like to find out version of any oracle apps component like Forms Version , Apps version , Jinitiator version , JDBC version, operating system version .. Then visit http://teachmeoracle.com/version.html If you kind find how to find version of any component in apps then drop me a mail. |
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posted by Atul Kumar @ 3:47 PM
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| Printer Basics in Oracle Apps 11i |
| Wednesday, September 27, 2006 |
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Well lot of my readers were pushing me to write on printer configuration and I was dragging it since long but now as I have started getting lot of mails of printer step(either for certification or for interview) so finally I decided to start with Printers Basics & to understand printers in Apps Understanding these basics terminology is quite important.
Printer Drivers : As you see in last section under Install -> Printer Section, driver delivers command to printer about how to output a specific print style. You can understand them as series of instructions used by print style for a particular printer.
Example of Drivers is A4HPLJ4
Printer Style : Tells printer how printed output should look, for ex. Number of lines in page, width of line , whether header to print or not. A printer can have more than one style as long as printer supports it. If a print style is available & registers for a particular printer then only it will be visible to user (In some CM reports these styles are predefined and can't be changed)
Example of Print Style is A4
Printer type : is to identify printer by manufacturer & model number for ex. HP laser Jet III
Printer Type form in Apps ( Install -> Printer -> Types) associate Style with Driver Name .
For Ex. with Printer Type HPLJ4 , you see style A4 & driver A4HPLJ4
SRW - Stands for SQL report writer driver file, Thing to Note w.r.t. SRW Driver file is that
If a report is for online viewing, report uses SRW named by print style in print style form.
If a report is for Printing , report uses SRW driver named by oracle Apps printer driver in Printer Drivers form.
Almost all standard Printer Types, Printer Driver & Printer Style are preconfigured in Apps. You just need to register your printer with Applications .
A lot more on how to register printers in Oracle Applications , Pasta Printing & using XML for printer in next Updates ..
For those whose mails I have not responded yet , thanks a lot for your patience I will try to respond you all ASAP . Labels: printer |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 8:52 PM
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| Reduce Patch timing in apps , defaults file, nocompilejsp , nocompiledb , merge patch |
| Monday, September 25, 2006 |
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At start of my career I was applying apps patches with couple of my colleagues ( all freshers), there was huge bunch of patches (I know everybody has to apply lot of patches initially) and we were applying patches individually one by one. Our team lead came & asked us how come you are still applying patches speed up & finish it early (You can't afford this much downtime for patching) . One of my colleague replied look we are not doing anything its Server (Unix Machine) which is applying patches & we can't do much . My TL said give attention what adpatch is doing & try to remove redundant steps which are repeated with each patch.
that's where we really started looking at we realized that
In each patch adpatch is
1. Asking basic questions like , Default APPL_TOP, Log file name, ORACLE_HOME, apps password, system password
2. Compiling database at end of some patches
3. Compiling JSP at end of most of patches
4. Running maintain MRC Multiple reporting Currency in installation where MRC was configured.
5. It was by default taking number of workers as twice the CPU + 1
6. There was some thing called batchsize
Then I looked at metalink to find if there is anyway I can reduce repeated tasks and came across defaults file which I am going to discuss in subsequent pages.
Other thing I came across is merging patched via admrgpch I'll discuss about this after defaults file may be tomorrow
You can also play with batchsize & number of workers to reduce patch timing
Using Defaults file with adpatch (Non Interactive)
How to create defaults file ?
adpatch defaultsfile=$APPL_TOP/admin/$SID/defaults.txt ( You can keep this txt file in any location of your choice)
Now abort autopatch section at point where it asks for patch directory by ctrl +c or ctrl+d
Now check if this file exists
You have to do above steps only once in an environment to create defaults file.
How to apply patches in future ?
Now any future patches you apply non interactive using defaults file like
adpatch defaultsfile=$APPL_TOP/admin/$SID/defaults.txt logfile=654321.log patchtop=/patches/654321 driver=u654321.drv interactive=no
You will see that it will apply patch by itself using defaults file , adpatch will pick APP_TOP, ORACLE_HOME information, system password and apps password from defaults file.
This will save lot of time & you can reduce your patch timing usign defaults file .
More on how to reduce patch time in coming posts ...Labels: patching |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 2:50 PM
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| Shared APPL_TOP in Oracle Apps Basics |
| Tuesday, September 19, 2006 |
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Based on lot of request I am discussing on Shared APPL_TOP & Shared Application Tier. For next few days I will start with basics of Shared APPL_TOP like
what's is Shared APPL_TOP ?
Advantages of Shared APPL_TOP ?
Difference between Shared APPL_TOP & Application Tier
Difference between Shared APPL_TOP & Staged APPL_TOP
How to Implement Shared APPL_TOP in Oracle Apps ?
So rather than talking too much lets start with Shared APPL_TOP & Application Tier .
In order to understand concept of shared APPL_TOP you first need to know what is APPL_TOP & what are various other TOP's in Oracle Apps .
Oracle Apps File System (Software ) is mainly divided in to five top level directories
DATA_TOP : For data file (Database Tier )
DB_TOP : Database Software 8i, 9i or 10g ( Database Tier )
APPL_TOP : For various product tops (Application Tier )
COMMON_TOP : for files & directories common to all products ( Application Tier )
ORA_TOP : for iAS, Forms & Reports Component , Tech. Stack ( Application Tier )
Why I need shared APPL_TOP ?
If you have two/three (Multiple) Middle Tier for Large User base then you have to install APPL_TOP, COMMON_TOP & ORA_TOP equal to number of Nodes in your configuration. So if you have three middle tier then you need these three top three times & if there are n nodes you need n time these three top's .
This result in lots of Space Requirement & bigger problem is patching so If you have 5 nodes you need to apply apps patch 5 times.
So Oracle Came Up with solution to have single APPL_TOP which is shared across all nodes in apps. This will save space as well patch timing. This concept of sharing APPL_TOP file system across all Middle Tier Nodes is called as APPL_TOP .
You will say if I can share APPL_TOP why Can't I share COMMON_TOP & ORA_TOP as well which are also part of Application Tier , Yes you can & this concept is called as Shared Application Tier.
What is Shared Application Tier ?
Sharing Application Tier ( including APPL_TOP, COMN_TOP, ORA_TOP) across all Middle Tier Nodes in configuration is called as Shared Application Tier.
So I can say shared APPL_TOP is subset of shared Application Tier , initially shared APPL_TOP came out & based on its advantages & popularity later COMMON_TOP & ORA_TOP files were also included & entire concept is called as Shared Application Tier.
Limitation with Shared APPL_TOP , Application Tier ?
If you are running Apps on Windows you'll be sad to hear that its not certified with Windows Operation System. More over you can share across same operation system like Linux to Linux & Solaris to Solaris.
More to come in next post like
Broad Level steps of configure Shared Application Tier ..
difference between Shared Appl_top & staged appl top |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 5:21 PM
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| Hot Backup Scripts for database backup and apps backup |
| Thursday, September 14, 2006 |
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Yesterday I discussed about backup Overview & cold backup if you have not gone though it you can read it from
http://becomeappsdba.blogspot.com/2006/09/backup-recovery-in-oracle-apps.html
Yesterday I mentioned that I am going to post about hot backup scripts , here it comes
Enable Archive Log
First check if your database is in Archive mode
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
If you see Automatic archival is enabled that means database is in archive mode . If not then
SQL>SHUTDOWN
SQL>STARTUP MOUNT
SQL>ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 ='LOCATION=/your/archive/location/arch' scope=spfile;
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>Startup
Steps are for database 10g , These commands may vary according to your database version.
After that for Hotbackup
Change tablespace mode to begin backup like
alter tablespace tablespace_name begin backup; you have to do this for all tablesapces in your database except temporary tablespace (This can be tedious work if you are doing it manually so here is script to do so )
SQL>set head off
SQL>spool beginbackup.sql
SQL>select 'alter tablespace ' tablespace_name ' begin backup;' from dba_tablespaces;
SQL>spool off
This will create file beginbackup.sql with entry for all tablespaces, remove any unnecessary lines & then execute this script into SQL like
SQL>@beginbackup.sql (Once you execute this script this will put all tablespaces in to begin backup mode)
Now create backup of your control file in Human Readable format like
alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/some/path'; you can reuse it by removing comment at beginning & replace them with connect / as sysdba
Then
1. Copy all your datafiles, redo logs and control file from your database server to backup location.
after datafiles are copied don't forget to end backup for all tablespace here is the scripts
SQL>set head off
SQL>spool endbackup.sql
SQL>select 'alter tablespace ' tablespace_name ' end backup;' from dba_tablespaces;
SQL>spool off
This will create file endbackup.sql with entry for all tablespaces, remove any unnecessary lines & then execute this script into SQL like
SQL>@endbackup.sql (Once you execute this script this will put all tablespaces in to end backup mode)
This completes your datafiles backup but you still have to backup database software & oracle Applications Middle Tier
2. Copy database software $ORACLE_HOME from server to backup location
3. Copy Apps Middle tier all TOPs (APPL_TOP, COMMON_TOP, ORA_TOP)
TIP: Sometime if you copy application tier while apache is Up , you copy httpd.pid or httpd_pls.pid from $IAS_ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/logs/httpd.pid and if in restored Instance Apache doesn't start & complain about httpd.pid or httpd_pls.pid already exists , you can simply delete these two files from restored Instance & start Apache Web Server.
Please note I am not in town for another 4 days so I'll not be able to Upadte this Site till Tuesday. Thanks in Advance for your patience. |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 10:12 AM
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| Backup & Recovery in Oracle Apps Database |
| Tuesday, September 12, 2006 |
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Based on lots of request from readers of this blog I am posting on Backup & Recovery of Oracle Apps 11i database & application tier.
I'll discuss on How to troubleshoot load balancer in oracle Apps after Backup & Recover.
You might have read in Oracle Documentation lot of time to backup your system before applying patch or before database Upgrade or changing any file or table. Today you will see how to take backup of table, file, database or applications (I am covering only basic things on backup)
How to backup a file/directory ?
This is most common & very basic thing in taking backup, backup is snapshot of any file at a particular time . In order to take backup of file/directory so that it can be recovered at later stage (In case of any issues)
cp filename filename.bak
If you want to backup directory you can use
cp -R dir dir.bak
If directory is quite big lets assume APPL_TOP which is around 11GB you can tar (zip) utility in linux.
tar -cvf dir.tar dir ( Where -c is compress , v is verbose, f is file )
to restore backed up directory use -x extract option like
tar -xvf dir.tar
How to backup a table ?
If you are a DBA you will find this bit silly but you can use create table as assume you want to backup table FND_USERS to table FND_USERS_BAK , you can use
SQL> create table FND_USERS_BAK as select * from FND_USERS;
Though you can use imp/exp feature of database as well to backup a atble.
What are two main backup categories for Database ?
Broadly you have Cold Backup & Hot backup option with database.
Cold backup : is database backup which you take when database is down
Hotbackup : is database backup during which database is available to user . For Hotbackup database should be in archive log mode. Tablespaces should be in begin backup mode while copying data files.
Advantages of Cold backup :
Easy to implement, No need to convert database in to archive.
Disadvantage of Cold Backup :
Services are not available during backup, not acceptable in production
Advantages of Hot backup :
Users can access database & application during backup
Disadvantages of Hot Backup :
Difficult to implement initially, extra space for archive logs
For Cold Backup of Database & Applications :
--Shut down application tier services using adstpall.sh
--Shutdown database listener & database
--Copy file system (middle Tier & Database tier including software & datafiles to tape or harddisk ). You can zip or tar as well to reduce size of backup as mentioned above via tar -cvf
--Once backup is over start database & db listener
--Start Application Tier
For Hot backup of Database & Applications :
--Make sure database is in Archive log mode ( How to check & how to convert coming tomorrow)
--Put tablespaces in to begin backup Mode
--Create backup control file
-- Copy datafiles , log file, control files
--Put tablespaces into end backup Mode
-- Copy oracle software & middle tier software as mentioned in cold backup mode
Backup done
How to put tablespaces into begin or end backup mode
Wait for tomorrow's post ...
If you want to check Oracle Apps DBA Interview Questions check at
http://teachmeoracle.com/interview.html ( Around 15 pages & 90 questions)
*Those who posted interview questions to me, wait for some time as I am very busy right into project. I'll try to respond you before end of this week . |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 2:30 PM
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| Configure Load Balancer in Oracle Apps 11i , E-Business Suite |
| Thursday, September 07, 2006 |
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What is Load Balancer in Oracle Applications 11i ?
As name suggest its used to balance load on oracle applications, so lets say you initially sized (How to size server configuration in your apps 11i Instance during Implementation coming soon..) your server for 100 concurrent users & now additional 90 users started using your system , you can configure one more Application Tier node & distribute load of 190 users across two application tier node by configuring load balancer (Currently I am discussing only about Application Tier & once you are comfortable with Middle Tier I'll discuss on database tier)
Why I need load balancer in Apps 11 ?
Is Increased load only reason for introducing load balancer in Apps 11i , No not at all . There are other reasons as well like (These are more advanced reasons & if you don't understand don't worry read it for understanding purpose at this minute)
- You want to Hide Server Name so instead of users accessing it via http://hostname:port you want users to access by http://somefancyname.com use load balancer (I know you can do this by various other ways as well like reverse proxy, via dns ..)
- You want on some node only web server & some both form server & web server
and there can lot of other reason why you need load balancer (May be you want to put it in your CV that you know how to configure load balancer, I know this is stupid reason :) )
What is Role of Load balancer in Oracle Application 11i ?
Usually load balancer act as mediator in passing your request to respective Middle Tiers (Usually web server ), so lets say you have configured load balancer in front of two middle tier which are part of your Applications 11i lets call them MT1 & MT2 . Load balancer will accept client's request and pass on to MT1 & MT2 ( round robin or the way you have configured load balancer, you here is Unix Administrators)
What are different kind of load balancer ?
Session Persistent - These kind of load balancers assign request from a client to same Application Tier. so lets say user1 tried connecting applications via load balancer and LB sent that request to MT1 then in future LB will send requests from user1 always to MT1 for time being specified in session persistence duration parameter specified in LB configuration or till user logs out from Applications. This property is called as Stickness or sticky Bit
Non Session Persistent - These kind assign request to MT in round robin way so lets assume user1 requested for login page , LB sends this request to MT1 then user1 again clicked on user responsibility and this time LB sent request from user1 to second middle tier i.e. MT2
Other types of LB, I am not discussing here as these are not required at this minute
What all different kind of load balancing options available in Oracle 11i ?
DNS Level Load Balancing ( Check image at top , this represent DNS level LB)
HTTP Layer Load balancing (You need hardware load balancer which accepts http requests)
Jserv Load balancing (This is example of software load balancer, via mod_oprocmgr Process Manager Module)
Forms level load balancing - Jserv load balancing via forms servlets (More coming in future) , forms metrics server adfmsctl.sh
How to configure Load Balancer in Oracle Apps 11i ?
Coming in Next post...
Things which need Extra Attention while Configuring Load Balancer in front of Oracle Apps Web Server
Coming in Next post...
How to confirm if load balancer is sending requests to all nodes which are configured for load balancer ?
Coming in Next post...
Where to find documents to configure Load Balancer ?
Coming in Next post...
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 10:13 AM
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| Oracle Critical Patch Updates and security Alerts |
| Wednesday, September 06, 2006 |
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You might have noticed recently that Oracle has started new patching CPU (Critical Patch Update) and Oracle is Quite serious about it . These patches are not only for Oracle Applications 11i but they are for entire Oracle Products (11i, database, 10g application server, collaboration suite, Peoplesoft, JDEdward..) . Today and in my subsequent posts I'll cover Oracle Critical patches & security Alerts.
You can find everything about CPU in metalink Notes & from Oracle's site (Link Mentioned below)
*Below post are mentioned here for information only, Ideas expressed below are my own.
What is Critical Patch Updates ?
All Security Issues/Bugs are bundled together & shipped as patch every quarter( 3 months, usually in Jan,April,July, Oct.) , these patches are called as Critical Patch Updates or CPU's.
Before CPU's (before 2005) Oracle Used to release these security patch with Alert i.e. Alert 21 or Alert 68.
What are Security Issues / Bugs ?
These vary from getting Unauthorized Access to Application to Attacking your Server so that real can't access apps (Denial of Service)...
Lets take an example that if you can login to application or retrieve information without Authenicating that might be counted as Security Issue.
Where to find more information on Oracle Security Alerts & Critical Patch Updates ?
You can find most of required information on Oracle's Site at http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/security/alerts.htm
I know its quite difficult to understand whole document in first reading so read two three times & for your convenience I will update more on how to read this document & how to apply CPU w.r.t. Oracle Applications 11i E-Business Suite (I'll not cover CPU for other components like Application Server or Collaboration Suite here , If you have these components integrated with 11i kindly check respective documentation)
What is some one discovers very major security breach in Oracle Applications ?
In my views Oracle understand criticality of your system & they will release unschedule security patch in that Case.
Important Point w.r.t. CPU for E-Business Suite
There is exception on CPU for E-Business Suite that they are not cumulative which means if you have applied a patch for July 2006 that doesn't mean that all bugs fixed in April 2006 CPU are also included in July 2006. For other oracle products CPU patches are cumulative.
About How to apply CPU patches Coming Soon...... |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 8:28 PM
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| Performance Tuning Overview in Oracle Apps 11i Contd.. |
| Tuesday, September 05, 2006 |
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This Performance Tuning is an Overview of from where to start if users start complaining
that Oracle Applications is running slow. If you have not read previous post on
Performance Checks on 11i visit
http://becomeappsdba.blogspot.com/2006/09/performance-tuning-apps-11i.html
If performance issue is with entire application questions you should have in mind
Is your applications sized properly ?
Is initialization parameters set up correctly ?
Are there any runaway processes in oracle database tier or application tier ?
Is network connectivity between users & application server is fine , there is no delays ?
Latest techstack including jdbc drivers, forms, database, jdk can improve performance
considerably Check if system level trace is enabled ?
Is Purge schedule ?
Is gather stats scheduled ?
If Issue is with only particular type of reports
Check if there are no performance bugs with that module ?
Are you on latest patchset for that product ?
Is it standard report or custom ? (If custom enable trace & use tkprof, If standard then
check in metalink if there is any issues reported by others)
If Issue is only during particular time lets say during night Check what's running during that time Is it because of backups ?
Is it because all resource intensive requests running in night ?
If Issue is with specific users Check
if trace is enabled at user level ?
Is user client machine performing well ?
Is connectivity from client machine to server fine ?
This is just overview or starting point to check Performance Issues in Oracle applications
11i for Tuning Individual component like , Apache, JVM, Concurrent manager I'll post in my
future posts.
One of reader asked how to schedule Gather Stats or How to schedule Purge Concurrent
Program or Obsolete workflow data.
These are concurrent requests & if you have "System Administrator Responsibility" login
with that then go to Request -> View -> Select "Specific Request" and under "Name" Text
Search for following requests
Gather Schema Statistics ( supply parameter schema name , apps & others)
Purge Concurrent Request and/or Manager Data ( supply retention period usually 90 days)Purge Signon Audit data
Purge Obsolete Workflow Runtime Data
Purge Obsolete Generic File Manager Data
If you are not aware of what is concurrent request or how to check don't worry wait for sometime till we come to sysadmin section & I'll update what to read & from where to read about Oracle Application Sysadmin related to concurrent requests.
If you want to understand How to proceed with Oracle Applications 11i tuning check Metalink Note 69565.1 A Holistic Approach to Performance Tuning Oracle Applications Systems (Though quite old guide from year 2001 but good for approach) |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 5:12 PM
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| Change Idle Session timeout ICX Session Timeout session.timeout |
| Friday, September 01, 2006 |
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First of all I want to thank my reader (Budding Apps DBA) from Vennela Technologies, Hyderabad India for posting question to me that If someone ask Apps DBA to change Session Idle Time out value How & where will you change ?
In order to answer first you have to understand what kind of seesions are in Apps 11i and what is Idle timeout ?
In Apps there are two broad categories of session
- Self Service Application Session ( Server by Web Server iAS Apache & Jserv, like iRecruitment, iProcurement)
-Forms session ( served by your form session, like system Administrator) What is Session Idle time ?
If Oracle Apps client is not doing any activity for some time (when application user goes for coffee or talks over phone) session during that time is called as Idle Session & because of security reason, performance issues and to free up system resource Oracle Applications terminates client session( both forms & self service) after idle time value is reached to the one mentioned in configuration file.
From FND.G or 11.5.9 or with introduction of AppsLocalLogin.jsp to enter into application, profile option "ICX Session Timeout" is used only to determine Forms Session Idle timeout value . This might be confusing as earlier this profile option used to control forms as well as self service application(with session.timeout) session.timeout is used to control Idle session timeout for Self Service Applications ( Served by Jserv via JVM )
From where ICX : Session Timeout & session.timeout get values ? Autoconfig determines value for profile option "ICX: Session Timeout" and "session.timeout" from entry in context file ( $APPL_TOP/admin/SID_hostname.xml ) with parameter s_sesstimeout where value mentioned is in milliseconds so profile option ICX: Session Timeout value should be s_sesstimeout/ (1000 * 60) which means here its 10 Minutes. This value is also set in zone.properties in $IAS_ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Jserv where number mentioned is in milli second i.e. 600000 ( equal to 10 Minutes)session.timeout = 600000 session.timeout mentioned in zone.properties is in milli secondsICX Session Time out mentioned in profile option ICX: Session Timeout is in minutes so ICX session timeout=30 & session.timeout= 1800,000 are same 30 minutes P.S. ICX Session time out was introduced in FND.D so if your FND version is below D you might not see this variable. Important Things Apps DBA should consider while setting session timeout value ?
1.. If you keep session.timeout value too high , when some oracle application user accessing Self service application terminates his session, so longer idle session will drain JVM resource & can result in Java.Lang No Memory available issues .
2. If you keep it too low, users going out for tea or sitting idle for some time have to login again into application & can be annoying .
Thumb rule is session time out usually set to 30 minutes. |
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| posted by Atul Kumar @ 7:21 PM
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